与其盲目囤药,不如多“囤”免疫力******
近期,许多人都在囤药备战奥密克戎。有人因买不到药而焦虑,有人因逼近“决赛圈”而紧张,甚至有人开始提早吃药预防。在昨晚上海市卫健委、市科委、市健康促进委办公室主办的“新冠防疫大咖说”系列直播活动中,上海中医药大学附属曙光医院肺病科主任张炜表示,所谓“上工治未病”,与其盲目囤药,不如多“囤”免疫力,做到“饮食有节、起居有常、劳逸有度、情志畅达”,这对每个人都是切实可行的方法。
这波疫情有新特点,分清“风寒”与“风热”很重要
从中医角度看,新冠病毒属于疫病的范畴。从《黄帝内经》到《伤寒论》,中医中药治疗疫病有一套完整的理论,某种意义上说,中医历史就是与疫病斗争的历史。
中医讲求辨证论治,所谓辨证,就是分析、辨认疾病证候,即疾病发展过程中出现的一系列症状。中医治疗新冠病毒感染,针对的不是病毒本身,而是患者表现出的证候。2020年至今,张炜一直在救治一线参与查房。据他观察,眼下这波疫情患者的证候特点的确有些变化:上半年以风、热、毒为主,现在相当部分患者都有风寒束表、外寒内热的表现,也就是所说的怕冷等症状。
张炜强调,此轮疫情,患者主要表现为恶寒、发热、咳嗽。因此在中医治疗上,一定要先分清“风寒”与“风热”。风寒患者以怕冷为主,常伴有流清鼻涕、咽痒等症状,恶寒患者可通过发汗带走邪气。而风热患者发热较重,可伴有流脓涕、咽痛等症状。在临床治疗上,一定要辨别准确,否则可能会适得其反。
事实上,患者反映较多的浑身酸痛、喉咙痛、头痛、咳嗽等都是寒邪的表现。比如许多网友说的“吞刀片”,这是因为肺外开窍于鼻、内开窍于咽,肺邪拥堵在咽喉,就会表现为明显的喉咙痛。而头痛也在于寒邪外达、风寒束表,肌肉酸痛也是寒化证的明显表现。
针对热议的“感染后可否洗头洗澡”,张炜表示,中医讲究瘥后防复,包括防食复、防劳复、防药复、防病复。具体来说当身体发汗热度褪去后,毛孔处于张开状态,这时外邪易侵入体内,若再遭风寒疾病则可能加重。
药食同源,葱姜水、炖雪梨、蒸橙子都有辅助功效
中医疫病理论的核心是“正气存内,邪不可干”,关键在于扶正祛邪。所谓扶正,就是调节机体,提高自身免疫力。为此,今年上半年上海出台的新冠病毒预防方案中就包括曙光医院研制的代茶饮。作为一种预防手段,“曙光防疫强身饮”由黄芪、金银花、干芦根、广藿香、紫苏叶五种中药材配伍而成,最多的时候每天的开方量达3000多副。不过,对于儿童、孕妇等特殊人群,能否服用代茶饮,还需具体咨询医生。
既然中药可起到辅助预防的效果,一些尚未感染、逼近“决赛圈”的人们可否通过提前服药来预防感染呢?对此张炜表示,中药讲求辨证治疗,对付新冠,主要从风、热、毒、淤、虚这五点切入。在人体无证的情况下提前用药,不仅疗效不明,甚至会得不偿失。因为个体之间存在差异,感染新冠病毒后,有人表现为风寒,有人表现为风热,在感染之前,不可能预知每个人具体属于哪一种。
如果已经感染,家中又没有合适的中药材,则可通过一些药食同源的替代方法进行辅助治疗。比如葱姜红糖水,可用于早期的畏寒发汗,这个阶段,刮痧、暖腹、喝热粥都有助于缩短病程,让人舒适。炖雪梨、蒸橙子等食疗也可起到润肺功效,但应避免桔子、榴莲、芒果等燥热水果。保持肺部湿润、增加纤毛抖动,更容易排毒,从而增强自身免疫力。
积极提升免疫力,用平和心态看待新冠,重视但不恐慌
从西医角度看,核酸或抗原由阳转阴,则代表患者基本康复,即所谓的“阳康”。而从中医角度看,一些人核酸转阴后,仍伴随疲劳气短、腰酸出汗等症状。张炜说,处于康复期的人们可通过中医调理有针对性地进行治疗,即瘥后防复。比如,疲劳气短是气虚的表现,可通过人参、黄芪扶正补气,腰酸出汗的人群可服用六味地黄丸等补肾益气。
同时,一些遗留的呼吸道症状也要抓紧治愈,不要拖成慢性呼吸系统疾病。张炜提醒“阳康”们,尽管短期内二次感染的比例非常低,但若免疫力低下仍存在再次感染的可能。康复后的两个月之内,普通感冒也要当心。
张炜建议,老年人和患有基础疾病的人群,在积极治疗心、脑、肾等基础疾病的同时,可通过八段锦、太极拳等中低强度的锻炼,帮助尽早恢复。
随着新冠病毒感染纳入“乙类乙管”,张炜希望大家用平和心态看待新冠,要重视但不要恐慌和紧张,饮食有节、起居有常、劳逸有度、情志畅达,以积极向上的生活状态面对新冠病毒的常态化管理。(记者 任荃)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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